/* Open Sans (SIL OFL): local variable fonts, matching the typography reference. */
@font-face { font-family: "Open Sans"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400 800; font-display: swap; src: url('fonts/open-sans-normal.woff2') format('woff2'); }
@font-face { font-family: "Open Sans"; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400 800; font-display: swap; src: url('fonts/open-sans-italic.woff2') format('woff2'); }
:root {
  --ink: #2d3742;
  --muted: #626d78;
  --heading: #173b53;
  --publication-title: #555555;
  --accent: #0872a3;
  --accent-hover: #164c72;
  --nav: #42566a;
  --sky: #9ac7e1;
  --line: #dce5ed;
  --wash: #f3f7fb;
  --rule: #e8eef3;
  --sans: "Open Sans", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  --text: 23px;
  --small: 21px;
  --title: 46px;
  --section: 44px;
  --subsection: 30px;
  --item: 24px;
  --site-width: 1320px;
  --content-width: 1120px;
  --space-section: 56px;
  --space-group: 40px;
  --space-heading: 24px;
  --space-item: 28px;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 108px; }
body { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); background: #fff; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: var(--text); line-height: 1.6; }
a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 4px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; transition: color .15s ease, border-color .15s ease, background-color .15s ease; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); }
a:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible, button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 4px; }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
::selection { background: #d9ecf9; color: var(--heading); }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { color: var(--heading); line-height: 1.2; }
h1 { font-size: var(--title); font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
h2 { font-size: var(--section); font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
h3 { font-size: var(--subsection); font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
h4, h5, h6 { font-size: var(--item); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.4; }
p { margin: 0 0 1em; }
strong { font-weight: 600; }
.visually-hidden { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
.skip-link { position: absolute; top: -100px; left: 16px; z-index: 20; padding: 10px 16px; color: #fff; background: var(--accent); }
.skip-link:focus { top: 12px; color: #fff; }
.site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 5; background: rgba(255,255,255,.97); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.header-inner, .footer-inner, .page-shell, .home-shell, .lab-banner-inner { max-width: var(--site-width); margin: 0 auto; padding-left: 32px; padding-right: 32px; }
.header-inner { min-height: 78px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 28px; }
.wordmark { font-size: 28px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -.025em; color: var(--heading); text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.main-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 28px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.main-nav a { padding: 10px 0; color: var(--nav); font-size: var(--small); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.main-nav a:hover, .main-nav a[aria-current] { color: var(--accent); }
.main-nav a[aria-current] { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--accent); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 10px; }
.lab-banner { overflow: hidden; color: #fff; background: linear-gradient(115deg, #102e45 8%, #194c6a 100%); border-bottom: 4px solid #acd3e9; }
.lab-banner-inner { position: relative; min-height: 202px; display: flex; align-items: center; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 32px; }
.lab-banner-copy { position: relative; z-index: 1; width: 100%; }
.lab-banner-name { max-width: 100%; margin: 0 0 14px; font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 36px); line-height: 1.3; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -.025em; color: #fff; }
.lab-banner-motto { margin: 0; font-size: var(--small); line-height: 1.55; font-weight: 400; color: #c8e4f3; }
.lab-banner-art { position: absolute; width: 600px; max-width: 58%; height: 240px; right: -26px; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%); opacity: .5; mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, #000 65%); }
.site-main { min-height: 65vh; }
.page-shell, .home-shell { padding-top: 48px; padding-bottom: 80px; }
.page-heading { margin-bottom: 30px; }
.page-heading h1 { margin: 0; max-width: 820px; }
.page-description { max-width: 900px; margin: 10px 0 0; font-size: var(--small); color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.65; }
.section-nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 24px; margin: 0 0 28px; font-size: var(--small); }
.section-nav a { text-decoration: none; }
.section-nav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.prose { max-width: var(--content-width); overflow-wrap: break-word; }
.prose h2 { margin: var(--space-section) 0 var(--space-heading); padding: 24px 0 0; border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.prose > h2:first-child, .prose > section:first-child > h2 { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0; border-top: 0; }
.prose h3 { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; margin: var(--space-group) 0 20px; padding: 0; font-size: var(--subsection); line-height: 1.4; color: var(--heading); border: 0; background: none; }
.prose h3::after { content: ""; flex: 1; min-width: 28px; height: 1px; background: var(--line); }
.prose h3 > span:empty { position: absolute; }
.prose h2 + h3 { margin-top: var(--space-heading); }
.prose h4, .prose h5, .prose h6 { margin: 24px 0 10px; }
.prose ul, .prose ol { padding-left: 25px; margin: 0 0 24px; }
.prose li { padding-left: 3px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.prose li > :is(ul, ol) { margin: 8px 0 0; }
.prose li > :is(ul, ol) > li { margin-bottom: 6px; }
/* Keep introductory text and nested lists together as one content block. */
.prose > p:has(+ :is(ul, ol) > li > :is(ul, ol)) { margin-bottom: 8px; }
.prose > :is(ul, ol):has(> li > :is(ul, ol)) { line-height: 1.5; }
.prose > :is(ul, ol):has(> li > :is(ul, ol)) li { margin-bottom: 4px; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.prose > :is(ul, ol):has(> li > :is(ul, ol)) :is(ul, ol) { margin: 4px 0 0; }
.prose > :is(ul, ol):has(> li > :is(ul, ol)) > li + li { margin-top: 12px; }
.prose li > p:has(+ ul, + ol) { margin-bottom: 4px; }
.prose li::marker { color: var(--accent); }
.prose > ol > li { margin: 0; padding: 8px 0 8px 8px; }
.prose > ol > li > p { margin: 0; }
.prose > ol > li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.prose blockquote { border-left: 2px solid var(--sky); margin: 24px 0; padding: 0 20px; color: var(--muted); }
.prose blockquote p:last-child { margin: 0; }
.prose hr { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin: 28px 0; }
.prose hr + h2 { margin-top: 28px; padding-top: 0; border-top: 0; }
.prose table { display: block; width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 24px 0; font-size: var(--small); }
.prose th, .prose td { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); text-align: left; padding: 12px 18px 12px 0; min-width: 160px; vertical-align: top; }
.prose th { color: var(--heading); font-weight: 600; background: var(--wash); }
/* Use the shared heading hierarchy and whitespace on the Chinese profile. */
.chinese-page .prose h2 { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
.chinese-page .prose td { border-bottom: 0; }
.prose pre { overflow: auto; padding: 20px; background: var(--wash); font-size: var(--small); }
.prose :not(pre) > code { font-size: .95em; background: var(--wash); padding: 2px 5px; }
/* Page templates style ordinary Markdown lists; content needs no CSS classes. */
.research-page .prose > #publications + p { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0 8px; margin: -8px 0 32px; font-size: var(--small); color: var(--muted); }
.research-page .prose > #publications + p a { text-decoration: none; }
.research-page .prose > #publications + p a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.research-page .prose > h2:first-of-type { margin-top: 0; }
.research-page .prose > ul, .code-page > ul { list-style: none; margin: 0 0 36px; padding: 0; }
.research-page .prose > ul { max-width: 100%; }
.research-page .prose ul > li { margin: 0 0 var(--space-item); padding: 0; border: 0; line-height: 1.5; }
.research-page .prose ul > li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 0; }
.research-page .prose ul > li > p { margin: 0; font-size: var(--small); color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.6; }
.research-page .prose ul > li > p:first-child { margin-bottom: 6px; font-size: var(--item); line-height: 1.45; color: var(--publication-title); }
.research-page .prose ul > li > p > em { display: inline-block; margin-top: 3px; font-style: normal; color: #485e70; }
.research-page .prose ul > li strong { font-weight: 600; }
.research-page .prose ul > li > p:first-child strong { font-weight: 700; }
.research-page .prose ul > li > p > a { display: inline-block; margin-top: 6px; line-height: 1.5; text-decoration: none; }
.research-page .prose ul > li > p > a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.code-page { max-width: none; }
.code-page > ul > li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 224px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 36px; row-gap: 10px; align-items: start; padding: 30px 0; margin: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.code-page > ul > li:first-child { padding-top: 4px; }
.code-page > ul > li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.code-page > ul > li > p { grid-column: 2; margin: 0; font-size: var(--small); line-height: 1.5; }
.code-page > ul > li > p:first-child { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / span 3; }
.code-page > ul > li > p:first-child > a { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 170px; padding: 14px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 5px 16px rgba(25, 63, 91, .04); }
.code-page > ul > li > p:first-child img { display: block; width: auto; height: auto; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; object-fit: contain; }
.code-page > ul > li > p:first-child > a:hover { border-color: var(--accent); }
.code-page > ul > li > p:nth-child(2) { font-size: calc(var(--item) + 2px); color: var(--heading); line-height: 1.4; }
.code-page > ul > li > p:nth-child(2) strong { font-weight: 600; }
.code-page > ul > li > p > a { text-decoration: none; }
.code-page > ul > li > p > a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.code-page > ul > li > p:not(:first-child) > a { display: inline-block; padding: 2px 11px; border: 1px solid #c5dceb; border-radius: 4px; background: var(--wash); line-height: 1.5; }
.code-page > ul > li > p:not(:first-child) > a:hover { text-decoration: none; border-color: var(--accent); background: #eaf3fa; }
.site-footer { background: #edf3f8; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.footer-inner { min-height: 90px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 18px; }
.footer-inner p { margin: 0; }
.footer-inner p span { padding: 0 7px; }
.footer-links { display: flex; gap: 20px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.footer-links a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
.footer-links a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .site-header { position: relative; }
  .header-inner { align-items: flex-start; padding-top: 18px; padding-bottom: 18px; gap: 14px 24px; }
  .main-nav { gap: 6px 18px; justify-content: flex-end; }
  .lab-banner-art { right: -100px; opacity: .35; }
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  :root { --text: 21px; --small: 20px; --title: 38px; --section: 36px; --subsection: 26px; --item: 22px; --space-section: 40px; --space-group: 32px; --space-heading: 20px; --space-item: 24px; }
  html { scroll-padding-top: 24px; }
  .site-header { position: relative; }
  .header-inner, .footer-inner, .page-shell, .home-shell, .lab-banner-inner { padding-left: 22px; padding-right: 22px; }
  .header-inner { flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
  .main-nav { width: 100%; justify-content: flex-start; gap: 4px 20px; }
  .lab-banner-inner { min-height: 184px; padding-top: 24px; padding-bottom: 26px; }
  .lab-banner-name { font-size: 28px; }
  .lab-banner-art { display: none; }
  .page-shell, .home-shell { padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 48px; }
  .page-heading { margin-bottom: 22px; }
  .prose h2 { margin-top: var(--space-section); padding-top: 20px; }
  .prose h3 { gap: 12px; }
  .code-page > ul > li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 10px; }
  .code-page > ul > li > p { grid-column: 1; }
  .code-page > ul > li > p:first-child { grid-row: auto; width: 224px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 6px; }
  .prose li { padding-left: 0; }
  .footer-inner { padding-top: 22px; padding-bottom: 22px; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 10px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } a { transition: none; } }
@media print {
  .site-header, .site-footer, .lab-banner, .skip-link, .section-nav { display: none; }
  .page-shell { max-width: none; padding: 0; }
  a { color: inherit; }
  .code-page > ul > li, .research-page .prose > ul > li { break-inside: avoid; }
}

/* Preserve the original circular portrait and icon links within the shared site theme.
   Font Awesome: Fonticons, Inc., CSS MIT / fonts SIL OFL 1.1.
   Academicons 1.8.0: James Walsh, CSS MIT / fonts SIL OFL 1.1. */
@font-face { font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Free'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 900; src: url('fonts/fa-solid-900.woff2') format('woff2'); font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Brands'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; src: url('fonts/fa-brands-400.woff2') format('woff2'); font-display: swap; }
@font-face { font-family: Academicons; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; src: url('fonts/academicons.woff') format('woff'); font-display: swap; }
.fas, .fab, .ai { display: inline-block; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-rendering: auto; line-height: 1; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
.fas { font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Free'; font-weight: 900; }
.fab { font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Brands'; font-weight: 400; }
.ai { font-family: Academicons; font-weight: 400; }
.fa-fw, .ai-fw { width: 1.3em; text-align: center; }
.fa-map-marker:before { content: '\f041'; }
.fa-envelope:before { content: '\f0e0'; }
.fa-linkedin:before { content: '\f08c'; }
.fa-graduation-cap:before { content: '\f19d'; }
.fa-github:before { content: '\f09b'; }
.ai-orcid-square:before { content: '\e841'; }
.home-shell { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 256px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 64px; align-items: start; }
.sidebar { position: sticky; top: 108px; min-width: 0; padding-right: 8px; }
.author__avatar img { display: block; width: 178px; height: 178px; padding: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 50%; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 6px 22px rgba(23,59,83,.08); }
.author__name { margin: 14px 0 8px; font-size: var(--subsection); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35; color: var(--heading); }
.author__bio { margin: 0 0 20px; font-size: var(--small); line-height: 1.6; color: var(--muted); }
.author__urls { margin: 0; padding: 19px 0 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); list-style: none; font-size: var(--small); line-height: 1.6; }
.author__urls li { margin-bottom: 11px; }
.author__urls a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
.author__urls a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; }
.author__urls i { margin-right: 4px; color: var(--accent); }
.author__urls-wrapper button { display: none; font: inherit; color: var(--accent); background: none; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 3px; padding: 5px 12px; cursor: pointer; }
.home-content { min-width: 0; }
/* News are plain Markdown bullets: bold date, then text and optional links. */
.home-bio #news-title { margin-bottom: 18px; }
.home-bio > blockquote { margin: 30px 0 0; padding: 18px 22px; border: 1px solid #dce9f2; border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; background: var(--wash); font-size: var(--small); color: var(--ink); }
.home-bio :is(#news-title + ul, #news-title + ul + details > ul) { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.home-bio :is(#news-title + ul, #news-title + ul + details > ul) > li > p { margin: 0; }
.home-bio :is(#news-title + ul, #news-title + ul + details > ul) > li { position: relative; margin: 0; padding: 6px 0 6px 156px; font-size: var(--text); line-height: 1.5; }
.home-bio :is(#news-title + ul, #news-title + ul + details > ul) > li > strong:first-child, .home-bio :is(#news-title + ul, #news-title + ul + details > ul) > li > p:first-child > strong:first-child { position: absolute; left: 0; width: 136px; color: var(--nav); font-size: var(--text); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.5; white-space: nowrap; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.home-bio #news-title + ul + details { margin-top: 8px; }
.home-bio #news-title + ul + details > summary { padding: 8px 0; font-size: var(--text); color: var(--accent); cursor: pointer; }
.home-bio #news-title + ul + details > summary:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .home-shell { grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; }
  .home-bio :is(#news-title + ul, #news-title + ul + details > ul) > li { padding-left: 0; }
  .home-bio :is(#news-title + ul, #news-title + ul + details > ul) > li > strong:first-child, .home-bio :is(#news-title + ul, #news-title + ul + details > ul) > li > p:first-child > strong:first-child { display: block; position: static; width: auto; margin-bottom: 2px; }
}
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .home-shell { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
  .sidebar { position: static; padding: 0 0 26px; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .sidebar > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 90px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 20px; }
  .author__avatar { grid-row: 1 / 3; }
  .author__avatar img { width: 90px; height: 90px; padding: 3px; }
  .author__name { margin-top: 0; }
  .author__bio { margin-bottom: 12px; }
  .author__urls-wrapper { grid-column: 2; }
  .author__urls-wrapper button { display: inline-block; font-size: var(--small); }
  .author__urls { display: none; margin-top: 16px; font-size: var(--small); }
  .author__urls-wrapper.is-open .author__urls { display: block; }
}
@media print {
  .sidebar { display: none; }
  .home-shell { display: block; max-width: none; padding: 0; }
}

/* Avoid clipping a tall profile when the browser window is short. */
@media (max-height: 760px) { .sidebar { position: static; } }